ICP-MS半定量分析在应急监测中的应用研究

利用ICP-MS半定量分析对应急监测水样进行全谱图扫描,初步判断质量范围6~260的所有重金属离子及其同位素的浓度,快速找到主要重金属污染物。该方法简单、快捷,不受标准物质使用限制,预处理方法简单,测定值与标准值的相对误差结果小于±30%。通过及时更新半定量响应因子曲线,可使半定量结果更为准确,为进一步准确定量提供可靠浓度范围。对应急监测过程中的复杂基体水样、未知水样的分析具有实际意义。通过分析企业的重金属排放浓度,可用于判定企业偷排漏排现象。     

Quantitative determination of AI-2 quorum-sensing signal of bacteria using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Autoinducer 2(AI-2), an important bioactive by-product of the Lux S-catalyzed S-ribosylhomocysteine cleavage reaction in the activated-methyl-cycle, has been suggested to serve as a universal intra- and inter-species signaling molecule. The development of reliable and sensitive methods for quantitative determination of AI-2 is highly desired.However, the chemical properties of AI-2 cause difficulty in its quantitative analysis.Herein, we report a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method that enables reproducible and sensitive measurement of AI-2 concentrations in complex matrixes. 4,5-Dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine(DMBDM), an easy-to-obtain commercial reagent, was used for the derivatization treatment. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 1.0–1000 ng/m L(R~2= 0.999) and had a lower limit of quantification of0.58 ng/m L. The method exhibited several advantages, e.g., high selectivity, wide linear response range, and good sensitivity. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the method was further validated through measuring AI-2 concentrations in the cell-free culture supernatant from Escherichia coli wild type.     

双酚A暴露对斑马鱼胚胎期代谢作用的影响

运用基于GC/MS的代谢组学方法,以受精卵在双酚A(BPA)中暴露4d后的斑马鱼胚胎为对象,研究了其体内挥发性和半挥发性代谢组分变化.暴露浓度设定为0,0.5,1.5,4.5mg/L,包括US EPA假定的“安全水平”(1.5mg/L).结果表明,1.5mg/L BPA暴露能使斑马鱼体内花生四烯酸和胆固醇的相对百分含量极显著降低,饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸、葡萄糖和肌糖的相对百分含量显著升高.因此,1.5mg/L BPA能干扰斑马鱼胚胎期的正常代谢.     

底质中有机氯农药残留分析方法研究

有机氯农药作为一类重要的持久性有机污染物所造成的污染和危害已引起普遍关注,它们不仅会积留于植物体内、直接污染我们的环境,而且还会威胁动物的生命健康。传统提取底质中有机氨的方法为索式提取,而本文采用低污染有机溶剂对底质进行萃取,并引入了铜处理及弗洛里硅土柱净化,气相色谱-质谱法检测,对多种有机氯农药的分离度较好。     

热脱附／毛细管气相色谱／质谱法测定车内空气中挥发性有机物

建立了热脱附／毛细管气相色谱／质谱联用测定车内空气中苯、甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙苯、对／间二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、十一烷和对二氯苯等挥发性有机物采样、分析方法。十种挥发性有机物在一定浓度范围内工作曲线线性良好,相关系数均在0．9970～0．9998之间。检出限在0．2～1．2μg/m^3。用该法检测了某汽车企业生产的轿车内的空气,取得满意结果,表明本方法具有一定的实用性、推广性。     

邕江南宁段和南宁城市内河中的挥发性有机物

利用吹扫捕集-GC-MS检测了邕江南宁段以及南宁市有代表性的5条城市内河中的挥发性有机物(VOCs)。结果表明,邕江南宁段检出3种VOCs,总含量为1.43～4.30μg/L。城市内河检出了22种VOCs,其中大桥冲、朝阳溪污染较为严重,VOCs总含量分别为82.43μg/L和35.00μg/L,其特征污染物分别为卤代烃和单环芳香族类。和国内其他地区水源水中检出的VOCs含量相比,邕江南宁段的VOCs污染水平较低,而南宁城市内河的VOCs污染处于中等水平。大量未经处理的城市生活污水、工业废水排放以及垃圾沥滤是造成南宁城市内河VOCs污染的重要因素。建议GB3838-2002加强对水体中VOCs的控制。     

活性污泥中典型内分泌干扰物的分析方法

对代表烷基酚类的典型内分泌干扰物(EDCs)叔辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚、双酚A,和代表类固醇的典型内分泌干扰物17α-乙炔基雌二醇和雌三醇等6种物质,建立了活性污泥水相与固相中的SPE-GC/MS的同时分析方法。对比分析了三种不同的固相萃取浓缩小柱的效果,发现具有梯度极性的Bond Elut-Plexa小柱对所选6种内分泌干扰物萃取回收效果较好。通过所建立的方法对6种EDCs在污水和污泥中的浓度进行了分析,检测回收率达80.5%和84.8%以上。并通过该分析方法对上海某污水净化水厂曝气池中污水和污泥浓度进行了有效分析。     

Significance of organic matter in Eocene turbidite sediments (SE Pyrenees,Spain)

Although turbidite deposits are classically considered to be good reservoir rocks for oil and gas, there are no reports concerning their source rock potential in the literature. The sediments from the Vallfogona Formation in the South-Eastern Pyrenees present numerous organic matter-rich levels interbedded in sandstones and coarse turbidite deposits. Two types of organic matter deposits were differentiated on the basis of organic geochemistry and petrography: type A and type B. Type A was deposited in a carbonate marine environment under hypersaline conditions as indicated mainly by even/odd n-alkane predominance, pristane and phytane ratio (Pr/Ph) < 1, presence of gammacerane, and trisnorneohopane over trisnorhopane ratio (Ts/Tm) > 1. Type B was deposited in a more mud-rich marine environment evidenced by the predominance of odd n-alkane, Pr/Ph ≥ 1, Ts/Tm < 1, the absence of gammacerane, similar concentrations of the C₂₇ and C₂₉ regular steranes, and the greater abundance of C₂₇ diasteranes. Turbidite facies can be regarded as an environment where organic matter sedimentation is heterogeneous in type and amount. This study suggests that turbidite deposits with interbedded organic matter-rich levels may act as a combined source–reservoir system.     

活性污泥法处理焦化废水COD不达标原因分析

采用GC/MS对国内某焦化厂的主要工艺废水及生化外排水中的有机污染物进行了系统检测,分析了各主要工艺废水及生化外排水中有机污染物的组成。结果表明,造成外排水COD不达标的主要原因是由于废水中含有难降解的含氮杂环类和多环芳烃类有机物。这两类有机物主要来自焦油和苯回收精制工艺过程中产生的废水,占生化外排水中所有有机物提供的总COD的72.64%。若对这几种废水进行单独处理则可保证生化外排废水COD达标。     

三峡库区城市给水厂多环芳烃分布变化评价

多环芳烃PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)是广泛存在的典型持久性有机污染物,了解三峡库区城市供水中PAHs的分布和变化具有重要的理论和现实意义.本文选用EPA推荐的3510c液-液萃取前处理方法和GC/MS 8270c测定方法,对三峡库区6个城市自来水厂(重庆主城3个,库区3个)原水与出厂水的多环芳烃物质的种类和含量进行了测定,并对主城某水厂两套常规处理工艺各工段PAHs的分布和水平进行了分析评价.结果表明,6个水厂的原水和出厂水中检出了萘、菲、蒽、芘、荧蒽、二氢苊共6种PAHs,其中萘、蒽、荧蒽检出率较高,枯水期含量水平在1～40 ng/L.PAHs经2种常规的水处理工艺后,浓度有所降低.但滤后水经加氯消毒等工序后,PAHs浓度有所增加.